PAC ANESTESIA-1 C1
Contenido
LECTURAS RECOMENDADAS

ANESTESIA EN CIRUGÍA TORÁCICA
  1. Beck GJ, Doyle CA, Schacter FN. Smoking and lung function. Am Rev Respir Dis 1981; 155: 149.

  2. Benunmof JL. Preoperative cardiopulmonary evaluation. En: Benumof JL, ed. Anesthesia for thoracic surgery. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1987: 126.

  3. Olsen GN, Block AJ, Swenson EW, et al. Pulmonary function evaluation of the lung resection candidate: a prospective study. Am Rev Respir Dis 1975; 111:379.

  4. Gass GD, Olsen GN. Preoperative pulmonary function testing to predict postoperative morbidity and mortality. Chest 1986; 89: 127.

  5. Schlenlaer JD, Hubay CA. The pathogenesis of postoperative atelectasis. Arch Surg 1973; 107: 846.

  6. Stein M, Koota GM, Simon M, et al. Pulmonary evaluation of surgical patients. JAMA 1962; 181: 765.

  7. Stein M, Cassara E. Preoperative pulmonary evaluation and therapy for surgical patients. JAMA 1970; 211: 787.

  8. Reichel J. Assessment of operative risk of pneumonectomy. Chest 1972; 62: 570.

  9. Tisi GM. Preoperative evaluation of pulmonary function. Am Rev Respir Dis 1979; 119: 293.

  10. Gracey DR, Divertie MB, Didier EP. Preoperative pulmonary preparation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chest 1979; 76: 123.

  11. Anderson WH, Dosett BE, Hamilton GE. Prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications. JAMA 1963; 186: 763.

  12. Pearce AL, Jones RM. Smoking and anesthesia. Preoperative abstinence and perioperative morbidity. Anesthesiology 1984; 61: 576.

  13. Warner MA, Tinker JH, Divertie MB. Preoperative cessation of smoking and pulmonary complications. Anesthesiology 1983; 59A: 60.

  14. Palmer KN, Sellick BA. The prevention of postoperative pulmonary atelectasis. Lancet 1953; 1: 164.

  15. Peabody JL, Willis MM, Gregory GA, et al. Clinical limitations and advantages of transcutaneous oxygen electrodes. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl 1978; 68: 76.

  16. Gravenstein JS, Paulus DA, Hayes TJ. Capnography in clinical practice. Stoneham MA: Butterworth Heinemann, 1989.

  17. Palmirano B, Severinghaus JW. Transcutaneous PCO2 and PO2: a multi-centered study of accuracy. J Clin Monit 1990; 6: 189.

  18. Little DM Jr. Posture and anaesthesia. Can J Anaesth 1960; 7: 2.

  19. Lawson NW. The lateral decubitus position: anesthesiologic consideration. En: Martin JT, ed. Positioning in anesthesia and surgery. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1987: 163.

  20. Burke WJ III. Should a fiberoptic bronchoscope be routinely used to position a double-lumen tube? Anesthesiology 1988; 68: 826.

  21. Ovassapian A. Fiberoptic bronchoscope and double-lumen tracheal tubes. Anaesthesia 1983; 38: 1104.

  22. Slinger PD. Fiberoptic bronchoscopic positioning of double-lumen tubes. J Cardiothorac Anesth 1989; 3: 486.

  23. Barker SJ, Clarke C, Trivedi N, et al. Anesthesia for thoracoscopic laser ablation of bullous emphysema. Anesthesiology 1993; 78: 44.

  24. Thompson DF, Campbell D. Changes in arterial oxygen tension during one-lung anesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1973; 45: 611.

  25. Benumof JL. Anesthesia for thoracic surgery. Philadelphia: WB Saunders. 1987; 211.

  26. Benumof JL. One lung ventilation and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction: implications for anesthetic management. Anesth Analg 1985; 64: 821.

  27. Smith GB, Hirsch NP, Ehrenwerth J. Placement of double-lumen endobronchial tubes. Br J Anaesth 1986; 58: 1317.

  28. Bloomerg AE. Thoracoscopy in perspective. Surg Gyn Obst 1978; 147: 433.

  29. Canto A. Blasco E, Casillas M. Thoracoscopy: new method of early diagnosis of pleural effusion. Thorax 1977; 32: 550.

  30. Rodgers BM, Moulder PV, DeLaney A. New method of early diagnosis of cardiac herniation. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1979; 78: 623.

  31. Oakers DD, Sherck JP, Brodsky JB y col. Therapeutic thoracoscopy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1984; 87: 269.

  32. Jones JW, Kitahama A, Wevv WR y col. Emergency thoracoscopy: a logical approach to chest trauma management. J Trauma 1981; 21: 280-

  33. Stein M, Koota GM, Simon M. Pulmonary evaluation of surgical patients. JAMA 1962; 182: 765-770.

  34. Anderson WH, Dossett BE, Hamilton GE. Prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications. JAMA 1963; 186: 763; 186: 763-766.

  35. Tarhan S, Moffitt EA, Sessler AD. Risk of anesthesia and surgery in patients with chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Surgery 173; 74: 720-726.

  36. Harmon E, Lillington G. Pulmonary risk factors in surgery. Med Clin North Am 1979; 63: 1289-1298.

  37. Krasna MJ, Flowers JL. Diagnostic thoracoscopy in a patient with a pleural mass. Surg Lap Endosc 1991; 1: 94-97.


  38. Nazem A, Krasna MJ. Thoracoscopic lung resection: use of a new endoscopic linear stapler. Surg Lap Endosc 1991; 1: 94-97.


  39. Wakabayashi A. Thoracoscopic ablation of blebs in the treatment of recurrent or persistent spontaneous pneumothorax. Ann Thorac Surg 1989; 48: 651-653.


  40. Torre M, Belloni P. Nd: YAG laser pleurodesis through thoracoscopy. New curative therapy in spontaneous pneumothorax. Ann Thorac Surg 1989; 47: 887-889.


ANESTESIA EN CIRUGÍA CARDIACA
  1. Goldman L, Caldera DL. Multifactorial index of cardiac risk in noncardiac surgical procedures. N Engl J Med 1977; 297: 845-50.

  2. Slogoff S, Keats A. S.:Does perioperative myocardial ischemia lead to postoperative myocardial infarction. Anesthesiology 1985; 62: 107-114.

  3. Slogoff S, Keats AS. Further observations on perioperative myocardial ischemia. Anesthesiology 1986; 65: 539-42.

  4. Silverman NA. Intraoperative myocardial protection in the context of coronary revascularization Progress in Cardiovascular Disease 1987; 29:413-14.

  5. Rao TL, Jacobs KH. Reinfarction following anesthesia in patients with myocardial infarction. Anesthesiology 1983;59:499-505.

  6. Raby KE, Barry J. Detection and significance of intraoperative and postoperative myocardial ischemia in peripheral vascular surgery. AMA 1992; 268:222-227.

  7. Vacanti CJ, Van Houten RJ. A statistical analysis of the relathionship of physical status to postoperative mortality in 68388 cases. Anesthesia Analgesia 1970;49:564-566.

  8. Mangano DT, Hedgock M. Non-invasive prediction of ventricular dysfunction: Coronary artery disease. Anesthesiology 1982; 57:21A.

  9. Mangano DT. Association of perioperative myocardial ischemia with cardiac morbidity and mortality in men undergoing noncardiac surgery N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 1781-1788.

  10. Higgins LT, Starr NJ. Risk stratification and outcome assessment of the adult cardiac surgery patients. Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1991;3: 88-94.

  11. Parsonnet V. A method of uniform stratification of risk for evaluating the results of surgery in acquirid adult heart disease Circulation 1989; 79 suppl 1: 3-12.

  12. Jeffry CC, Kunsman J. A prospective evaluation of cardiac risk index. Anesthesiology 1983;58:462-64.

  13. Tuman KJ. Effect of pulmonary artery catheterization on outcome in patient undergoing coronary artery surgery. Anesthesiology 1989a; 70: 199-206.

  14. Fleisher LA. The predictive value of preoperative silent ischemia for postoperative ischemia cardiac events in vascular and nonvascular surgery patients. Am Heart J 1991; 122: 980-86.

  15. London MJ. The natural history of segmental wall motion abnormalities in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Anesthesiology 1990; 73: 644-55.

  16. Kinzer JB, Lichtenthal PR. Los of radial artery pressure trace during internal mamary dissection for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Anesthesia-Analgesia 1985; 64: 1134-1136.

  17. London MJ, Hollenberg M. Intraoperative myocardial ischemia: Localization by continuos 12-lead electrocardiography. Anestesiology 1988; 69:232-241

  18. Leung J, O Kelly B. Prognostic importance of postbypass regional wall-motion abnormalities in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass gafts surgery. Anesthesiology 1989; 71: 16-25.

  19. Higgins TL, Estafanous FG. Stratification of morbidity and mortality outcome by preoperative risk factors in coronary artery bypass patients. A clinical severity score. JAMA 1992; 267: 2344-2348.

  20. Ellis JE, Shah MN. A comparison of methods for the detection of myocardial ischemia during noncardiac surgery: automated St-segment analysis systems, electrocardiography, and transesophageal echocardiographic. Anesthesia and Analgesia 1992; 75: 764-772.

  21. De Hert SG, Vermeyen KM. Influence of thiopental, etomidate and propofol on regional myocardial function in the normal and acute ischemic heart segment in dogs. Anesthesia and Analgesia 1990; 70: 600-607.

  22. Boer F, Bovill JG. Effect of thiopentone, etomidate and propofol on systemic vascular resistance during cardiopulmonary bypass Br J Anaesthesia 1991; 67:69-72.

  23. Garman K, Hecker B. Optimal pressure and flow during cardiopulmonary bypass: pro and con Journal of Cardithoracic Anesthesia 1991; 5: 399-401.

  24. Kolkka R. Neurologic dysfunction following cardiac operations with low-flow, low-pressure cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thoracic Cardiovascular Surg 1980; 79: 432-37.

  25. Nussmeier NA. Neuropsychiatric complications after cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesthesiology 1986; 64: 165-170.

  26. vanOeveren W, Kazatchkine. Deleterious effects of cardiopulmnary bypass-a prospective stydy of bubble vs membrane oxigenation J Thoracic Cardiovascular Surg 1985; 89: 888-99.

  27. Pierpoint G. Patophysiology of valvular heart disease. Archi Intern Med 1982; 142: 998-1001.

  28. Bovill JG, Warren PJ. Comparison of fentanyl, sufentanyl, and alfenatnyl anesthesia in patients undergoing valvular heart surgery Anesthesia and Analgesia 1984b; 63: 1081-1086.

  29. Heller SJ. Abnormal left ventricular contraction in patients with estenosis mitral. Circulation 1970; 42: 1099-1110.

  30. Frank S, Johnson A. Natural history of valvular aortic stenosis. Bri Heart J 1973; 35:41-46.

  31. Garasch W, Carroll J. Chronic aortic regurgitation: prognostic value of left ventricular and diastolic dimension and end-diastolic radius/thickness ratio. J Am Coll Cardiol 1983; 1:775-782.

  32. Judge TP, Kennedy JW. Quantitative hemodynamic effects of heart rate in aortic regugitation. Circulation 1971;44: 355-367.

  33. Olson L, Subramanian R. Surgical pathology of pure aortic insufficiency: A study of 225 cases. Mayo Clinic Proceeding 1984;59: 835-41.

  34. Pellika PA, Nishimura RA. The natural history of adults with asymptomatic, Hemodinamically significant aortic stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990; 15:1012-1017.

  35. Sebel PS, Bovill JG. Cardiovascular effects of high-dose fentanyl anesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 1982; 26: 308-15.

  36. Stanley TH. Comparison of sufentanyl-oxygen anesthesia for mitral and aortic valvular surgery. Journal of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia 1988; 2: 6-11.

  37. Stone JG, Hoar PF. Influence of volumen loading on intraoperative hemodynamic and perioperative fluid retention in patients with valvular regurgitation undergoing prosthetic replacement. Am J Cardiol 1983; 52: 530-533.

  38. Thompson IR, MacAdams CL. Drug interactions with sufentanil: Haemodynamic effects of premedication and muscle relaxants. Anesthesiology 1992;76: 922-929.

  39. Mark JB. Intraoperative awareness and hypertensive crisis during high-dose fentanyl-diazepam anesthesia. Anesthesia and Analgesia 1983; 62: 698-700.

  40. Wierda JM, Karliczek GF. Pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular dynamics of pipecuronium bromide during coronary artery surgery. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia 1990; 37: 183-191.

  41. Buffington CW. Altered load dependence of postischemic myocardium. Anesthesiology 1991; 75: 464-474.

  42. Helman JD, Leung JM. The risk of myocardial ischemia in patients receiving desflurane versus sufentanyl anesthesia for coronary artery bypass surgery. Anesthesiology 1992; 77:47-62.

  43. Inoue K, Reichelt W. Does isoflurane lead to a higher incidence of myocardial infarction and perioperative death than enflurane in coronary artery surgery. Anesthesia and Analgesia 1990; 71: 469-74.

  44. Kenny D, Proctor LT. Isoflurane causes only minimal increases in cornary blood flow independent of oxygen demand. Anesthesiology 1991; 75: 640-649.

  45. Leclerc D, Fratacci MD. Coronary bypass graft flow vasodilation induced by isoflurane has only negligible effects on left ventricular systolico function. Anesthesiology 1990; 73: 147A.

  46. McCammon RL, Hilgenberg JC. Hemodynamic effects of diazepam and diazepam-nitrous oxide in patients with coronary artery disease. Anesthesia and Analgesia 1980; 59: 438-441.

  47. Martin DE, Rosenberg H. Low-dose fentanyl blunts circulatiry resposes to tracheal intubation. Anesthesia and Analgesia 1982; 61: 680-684.

  48. Merin RG. Propofol causes cardiovascular depression I. Anesthesiology 1990; 72: 393-94.

  49. Moffit EA, Sethna DH. Effects of intubation on coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygenation. Canadian Anesthetists Society Journal 1985;32: 105-111.

  50. Reiz S, Rydvall A. Coronary haemodynamic effects of surgery during enflurane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia in patients with ischaemic heart disease. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 1985;29: 106-112.

  51. Reves JG, Kissin L. Additive negative inotropic effect of a combination of diazepam and fentanyl. Anesthesia and Analgesia 1984;63:97-100.

  52. Sonntag H, Larsen R. Myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption during high-dose fentanyl anesthesia in patients with coronary artery disease. Anesthesiology 1982; 56:417-422.

  53. Sonntag H, Stephan H. Sufentanyl does not block sympathetic response to surgical stimuli in patients having coronary artery revascularization surgery. Anesthesia and Analgesia 1989; 68: 584-592.

  54. Thompson IR. Adverse effects of pancuronium during high-dose fentanyl anesthesia for coronary artery bypass grafting. Anesthesiology 1985;62:708.713.

  55. Van Aken H. Propofol cause cardiovascular depression II. Anesthesiology 1990; 72: 394.

  56. Waller JL, Hug CC. Hemodynamic changes during fentanyl-oxygen anesthesia for aortocoronary bypass operations. Anesthesiology 1981; 55: 212-217.

  57. Windsor JP, Sherry K. Sufentanil and nitrous oxide anesthesia for cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesthesia 1988;61: 662-668.

  58. Tuman KJ. Does choice of anesthetic agent significantly affect outcome after coronary artery surgery. Anesthesiology 1989b;70: 189-198.

  59. Blomberg S, Emanuelsson H. Thoracic epidural anesthesia and central hemodynamics in patients with unstable angina pectoris. Anesthesia and Analgesia 1989;69: 558-562.

  60. Blomberg S, Emanuelsson H. Effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia on coronary arteries and arterioles in patients with coronary artery disease. Anesthesiology 1990;73: 840-847.

ANESTESIA PARA CIRUGÍA DE AORTA ABDOMINAL
  1. Alpert RA, Roizen MF, Hamilton WK, et al. Intraoperative urinary output does not predict postoperative renal function in patients undergoing abdominal aortic revascularization. Surgery 1984; 95:707.

  2. Baron HC, LaRaja RD, Rossi G, et al. Continuous epidural analgesia in the heparinized vascular surgical patient: A retrospective review of 912 patients. J Vasc Surg 1987; 6:144.

  3. Beaupre PN, Cahalan MK, Kremer PF, et al. Does pulmonary artery occlusion pressure adequately reflect left ventricular filling during anesthesia and surgery? Anesthesiology 1983; 59:A3.

  4. Bernstein EF, Chan EF. Abdominal aortic aneurysm in high-risk patients. Outcome of selective management based on size and expansion rate. Ann Surg 1984; 200: 2255.

  5. Bush HL Jr, Huse JB, Johnson WC, et al. Prevention of renal insufficiency after abdominal aortic aneurysm resection by optimal volume loading. Arch Surg 1981; 116: 1517.

  6. Bush HL Jr, LoGerfo RW, Weisel RD, et al. Assessment of myocardial performance and optimal volume loading during elective abdominal aortic aneurysm resection. Arch Surg 1977; 112: 1301.

  7. Campbell WB, Collin J, Morris PJ. The mortality of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1986; 68: 275.

  8. Carroll RM, Laravuso RB, Schauble JF. Left ventricular function during aortic surgery. Arch Surg 1976; 111: 740.

  9. Clark NJ, Stanley TH. Anesthesia for vascular surgery. En Miller RD (ed): Anesthesia, ed 3. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1990, p 1693.

  10. Colson P, Capdevilla X, Barlet H, et al. Effects of halothane and isoflurane on transient renal dysfunction associated with infrarenal aortic cross-clamping. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1992; 6: 295.

  11. Frank SM, Beattie C, Christopherson R, et al. Unintentional hypothermia is associated with postoperative myocardial ischemia. Anesthesiology 1993; 78: 468.

  12. Goldman L, Caldera DL. Risks of general anesthesia and elective operation in the hypertensive patient. Anesthesiology 1979; 50: 285.

  13. Shulman NB. Sustained hypertension. En Hurst JW (ed): Medicine for the practicing physician. Boston, Butterworths, 1983, p 113.

  14. Harward TRS. Nonatherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease. En Levine BA, Copeland EM III, Howard RJ, et al (eds). Current practice of surgery, vol 2. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1993, p 3.

  15. Hertzer NR, Beven EG, Young JR, et al. Coronary artery disease in peripheral vascular patients: A classification of 1000 coronary angiograms and results of surgical management. Ann Surg 1984; 199: 223.

  16. Isaacson IJ, Duggan J, Berry AJ, et al. Intrathecal morphine offers better analgesia than parenteral opioids after abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. Emory University Journal of Medicine 1992; 6: 206.

  17. Isaacson IJ, Lowdon JD, Berry AJ, et al. The value of pulmonary artery and central venous monitoring in patients undergoing abdominal aortic reconstructive surgery. J Vasc Surg 1990; 12: 754.

  18. Katz J, Kavanaugh BP, Sandler AN, et al. Preemptive analgesia. Clinical evidence of neuroplasticity contributing to postoperative pain. Anesthesiology 1992; 77: 439.

  19. King LW, Snyder DS. Diabetes and other endocrine disorders. En Breslow MJ, Miller CF, Rogers MC (eds): Perioperative management. Washington DC, CV Mosby, 1990, p 292.

  20. Knos GB, Berry AJ, Isaacson IJ, et al. Intraoperative urinary output and postoperative blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in patients undergoing aortic reconstructive surgery. J Clin Anes 1989; 1: 181.

  21. Kouchoukos NT, Lell WA, Karp RB, et al. Hemodynamic effects of aortic clamping and descompression with a temporary shunt for resection of the descending thoracic aorta. Surgery 1979; 85: 25.

  22. Levy JH. Common anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions the anesthesiologist sees. En Anaphylactic reaction in anesthesia and intensive care. Boston; Butterworths, 1986, p 53.

  23. Mangano DT. Monitoring pulmonary arterial pressure in coronary-artery disease. Anesthesiology 1980; 53: 364.

  24. Melton LJ III, Bickerstaff LK, Hollier LH, et al. Changing incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysms: A population-based study. Am J Epidemiol 1984; 120: 379.

  25. Mowlem A, McClintock JT, Campbell GS. The effect on renal function of occlusion of the aorta inferior to the renal vessels. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1960; 111: 423.

  26. Nevitt MP, Ballard DJ, Hallett JW Jr. Prognosis of abdominal aortic aneurysms. A population-based study. N Engl J Med 1989; 321: 1009.

  27. Odoom JA, Sih IL. Epidural analgesia and anticoagulant therapy experience with one thousand cases of continous epidurals. Anesthesia 1984; 38: 254.

  28. Onishchuk JL, Carlsson C. Epidural hematoma associated with epidural anesthesia Complications of anticoagulation therapy. Anesthesiology 1992; 77: 1221.<

  29. Ostri P, Mouritsen L, Jorgensen B, et al. Renal function following aneurysmectomy of the abdominal aorta. J Cardiovasc Surg 1986; 27:714.

  30. Plecha FR, Avellone JC, Beven EG, et al. A computerized vascular registry: Experience of the Cleveland Vascular Society Surgery 1979; 86: 826.

  31. Rao TLK, El-Etr AA. Anticoagulation following placement of epidural and subarachnoid catheters: An evaluation of neurologic sequelae. Anesthesiology 1981; 55: 618.

  32. Rice CL, Hobelman CF, John DA, et al. Central venous pressure or pulmonary capillary wedge pressure as the determinant of fluid replacement in aortic surgery. Surgery 1978; 1984: 437.

  33. Roizen MF. Anesthesia for vascular surgery. En Barash PG, Cullen BF, Stoelting RK (eds): Clinical anesthesia. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1989, p 1015.

  34. Roizen MG, Beaupre PN, Alpert RA, et al. Monitoring with two-dimensional transesophogeal echocardiography: Comparison of myocardial function in patients undergoing supraceliac, suprarenal-infraceliac, or infrarenal aortic occlusion. J Vasc Surg 1984; 1: 300.

  35. Roizen MG, Sohn YJ, Stoney RJ. Intraoperative management of the patient undergoing supraceliac aortic occlusion. En Wilson SE, Veith FJ, Hobson RW, et al (eds): Vascular surgery. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1986, p 312.

  36. Rosenfeld BA, Beattie C, Christopherson R, et al. The effect of different anesthetic regimens on fibrinolysis and the development of postoperative arterial thrombosis. Anesthesiology 1993; 79: 435.

  37. Tisi GM. Preoperative identification and evaluation of the patient with lung disease. Med Clin North Am 1987; 71: 399.

  38. Watts NB, Gebhart SSP, Clark RV, et al. Postoperative management of diabetes mellitus: Steady state glucose control with bedside algorithm for insulin adjustment. Diabetes Care 1987; 10: 722.

  39. Zaidan JR, Guffin V, Perdue G, et al. Hemodynamics of nitroglycerin during aortic clamping. Arch Surg 1982; 117: 1285.

  40. Zarins CK, Bech FR. Aneurysms. En Levine BA, Copeland EM III, Howard RJ, et al (eds): Current practice of surgery, vol 2. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1993, p 3.

ANESTESIA EN CIRUGÍA VASCULAR PERIFÉRICA
  1. De Bakey ME. Changing concepts in vascular surgery. J Cardiovasc Surg 1986; 7: 367-409.


  2. Cooley DA. Evolution of surgical treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms. Ann Thorac Surg 1989; 48: 137-138.

  3. O’Donnell TJ, Darling RC, Linton RR. Is 80 years too old for aneurysmectomy? Arch Surg 1976; 111: 1250-1257.

  4. Gettes MA, Kaplan JA. Anesthesia for vascular surgery of the lower extremities: One approach at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York. En Roizen MF, ed. Anesthesia for vascular surgery. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1990, p. 348.

  5. Isaacson IJ, Berry AJ, Knos G et al. Pulmonary artery vs central venous pressure monitoring in patients undergoing abdominal aortic reconstructive surgery. Anesthesiology 1988; 69: A232.

  6. Pearson KS, Gomez MN, Moyers JR et al. A cost/benefit analysis of randomized invasive monitoring for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 1989; 69: 336.

  7. Stewart MT. Assessment of peipheral vascular disease. En: Hurst JW, Shclant RC, Rackley CE et al (eds). The heart. New York: McGraw Hill, 1990, p. 368.

  8. Haimovici H. Myopathic-nephrotic-metabolic syndrome associated with massive acute arterial occlusions. J Cardiovasc Surg 1973; 14: 589.

  9. Zarins CK. Peripheral vascular insufficiency: Surgical goals and methods. En: Roizen MF (ed). Anesthesia for vascular surgery. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1990, p. 317.

  10. Gelman S. General versus regional anesthesia for peripheral vascular surgery, is the problem solved? Anesthesiology 1993; 79: 415-418.

  11. Neeraja BR, Rao TLK. Anesthesia goals for surgery to reduce peripheral vascular insufficiency: One approach at Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine. En: Roizen MF, ed. Anesthesia for vascular surgery. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1990, p. 326.<

  12. Yeage MP, Glass DD, Neff RK, Brinck-Johnsen T. Epidural anesthesia and analgesia in high risk surgical patients. Anesthesiology 1987; 66: 729-736.

  13. Cousins MJ, Wright CG. Graft, muscle, and skin blood flow after epidural block in vascular surgical procedures. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1971; 133: 59.

  14. Weiss CH. The metabolic response to stress an overview and update. Anesthesiology 73: 308-327, 1990.

  15. Pflug AE, Murphy TM, Butler SH, Tucker GT. The effects of postoperative peridural analgesia on pulmonary therapy and pulmonary complications. Anesthesiology 1974; 41: 8-17.

  16. McKenzie PJ, Wishart HY, Dewar KMS et al. Comparison of the effects of spinal anaesthesia and general anaesthesia on postoperative oxygenation and perioperative mortality. Br J Anaest 1980; 52: 49-54.

  17. Levy JH, Islas JA, Ghia JN, Turnbull C. A retrospective study of the incidence and causes of failed spinal anesthesics in a university hospital. Anesth Analg 1985; 64: 705-710.

  18. Gettes MA, Kaplan JA. Anesthesia for vascular surgery of the lower extremities: one approach at Mount Siani Hospital, New York. En: Roizen MF (ed). Anesthesia for vascular surgery. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1990, p. 344.

  19. Pasking S, Rodman T, Smith TC. The effect of spinal anesthesia on the pulmonary function of patients with chronic obstructive disease. Ann Surg 1969; 169: 35.

  20. Dagnino J, Prys Roberts C. Studies of anesthesia in relation to hypertension, VI: Cardiovascular responses to extradural blockade of treated and untreated hypertensive patients. Br J Anaesth 1984; 56: 1065.

  21. Christopherson R. et al. Perioperative morbidity in patients randomized to epidural or general anesthesia for lower extremity vascular surgery. Anesthesiology. 1993; 79 :422-433.

  22. Rosenfeld B. et al. The effects of different anesthetic regimens on fibrinolysis and the development of postoperative arterial thrombosis. Anesthesiology 1993; 79: 435-443.

  23. Baron HC, LaRaja RD, Rossi G, Atkinson D. Continuous epidural analgesia in the heparinized vascular surgical patient: A retrospective review of 912 patients. J Vasc Surg 1987; 6: 144.

  24. Rao TLK, El-Etr AA. Anticoagulation following placement of epidural and subarachnoid catheters: an evaluation of neurologic sequelae. Anesthesiology 1981; 95: 618.



Contenido